This elaborate processing would be of limited value, however, unless we had a way to act upon the environment that we are sensing, whether that action consist of running away from a predator seeking shelter against the rain searching for food when one is hungry moving one’s lips and vocal cords in order to communicate with others or performing the countless other varieties of actions that make up our daily lives. Through vision, audition, somatosensation, and the other senses, we perceive the world and our relationship to it. Much of the brain and nervous system is devoted to the processing of sensory input, in order to construct detailed representations of the external environment. In most cases, however, cognitive processing occurs to make actions adaptive and appropriate for the particular situation. Sometimes the pathway from sensation to action is direct, as in a reflex. Sensory receptors provide information about the environment, which is then used to produce action to change the environment.
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